Rather than modifying formulas as in Traditional Chinese medicine, the Japanese kampo tradition uses fixed combinations of herbs in standardized proportions according to the classical literature of Chinese medicine. Kampo medicines are produced by various manufacturers. However, each medicine is composed of exactly the same ingredients under the standardization methodology. The medicines are therefore prepared under strict manufacturing conditions that rival pharmaceutical companies.
Extensive modern scientific research in Japan has validated the effectiveness of kampo medicines. In October, 2000 a nationwide study was carried out that reported that 72% of registered physicians prescribe kampo medicines . The two leading companies making kampo medicines are Tsumura and Kanebō . The following are the kampo medicines produced by Tsumura.
Many kampo medicines were borrowed from China. The name for the formula the kampo medicine is based on is listed below. However, the formula usually does completely match the original Chinese formula. Often the proportions of the herbs were changed slightly. Also some species of herbs were replaced with herbs found in Japan.
散
|ぼうふうつうしょうさん
|62
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|防風通圣丸
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|Bōi-ōgi-tō
|防已黄耆湯
|ぼういおうぎとう
|20
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|防己黃耆丸
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|Bukuryō-in
|茯苓飲
|ぶくりょういん
|69
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|Bukuryō-in-gō-hange-kōboku-tō
|茯苓飲合半夏厚朴湯
|ぶくりょういんごうはんげこうぼくとう
|116
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|Byakko-ka-ninjin-tō
|白虎加人参湯
|びゃっこかにんじんとう
|34
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|白虎湯丸
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|Chikujo-untan-tō
|竹じょ温胆湯
|ちくじょうんたんとう
|91
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|Chōi-jōki-tō
|調胃承気湯
|ちょういじょうきとう
|74
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|Chorei-tō
|猪苓湯
|ちょれいとう
|40
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|Chorei-tō-gō-shimotsu-tō
|猪苓湯合四物湯
|ちょれいとうごうしもつとう
|112
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|Chōtō-san
|釣藤散
|ちょうとうさん
|47
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|Dai-bōfū-tō
|大防風湯
|だいぼうふうとう
|97
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|Dai-jōki-tō
|大承気湯
|だいじょうきとう
|133
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|Dai-kenchū-tō
|大建中湯
|だいけんちゅうとう
|100
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|Daiō-botanpi-tō
|大黄牡丹皮湯
|だいおうぼたんぴとう
|33
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|Daiō-kanzō-tō
|大黄甘草湯
|だいおうかんぞうとう
|84
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|Dai-saiko-tō
|大柴胡湯
|だいさいことう
|8
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|大柴胡丸
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|Eppi-ka-jutsu-tō
|越婢加朮湯
|えっぴかじゅつとう
|28
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|Goko-tō
|五虎湯
|ごことう
|95
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|Gorei-san
|五苓散
|ごれいさん
|17
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|五苓散丸
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|Gorin-san
|五淋散
|ごりんさん
|56
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|Goshaku-san
|五積散
|ごしゃくさん
|63
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|Gosha-jinki-gan
|牛車腎気丸
|ごしゃじんきがん
|107
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|Goshūyu-tō
|呉茱萸湯
|ごしゅうとう
|31
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|Hachimi-jiō-gan
|八味地黄丸
|はちみじおうがん
|7
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|Hainō-san-kyū-tō
|排膿散及湯
|はいのうさんきゅうとう
|122
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|Hange-byakujutsu-tenma-tō
|半夏白朮天麻湯
|はんげびゃくじゅつてんまとう
|37
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|Hange-kōboku-tō
|半夏厚朴湯
|はんげこうぼくとう
|16
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|半夏厚樸丸
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|Hange-shashin-tō
|半夏瀉心湯
|はんげしゃしんとう
|14
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|Heii-san
|平胃散
|へいいさん
|79
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|平胃散丸
|-
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|補中益気湯
|ほちゅうえっきとう
|41
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|补中益气丸
|-
|Inchin-gorei-san
|茵ちん五苓散
|いんちんごれいさん
|117
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|五苓散丸
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|Inchinkō-tō
|茵ちん蒿湯
|いんちんこうとう
|135
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|Irei-tō
|胃苓湯
|いれいとう
|115
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|Ji-daboku-ippō
|治打撲一方
|ぢだぼくいっぽう
|89
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|Jiin-kōka-tō
|滋陰降火湯
|じいんこうかとう
|93
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|Jiin-shihō-tō
|滋陰至宝湯
|じいんしほうとう
|92
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|Jinso-in
|参蘇飲
|じんそいん
|66
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|Ji-zusō-ippō
|治頭瘡一方
|ぢずそういっぽう
|59
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|Junchō-tō
|潤腸湯
|じゅんちょうとう
|51
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|Jūmi-haidoku-tō
|十味敗毒湯
|じゅうみはいどくとう
|6
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|-
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|十全大補湯
|じゅうぜんだいほとう
|48
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|十全大补丸
|-
|Kakkon-tō
|葛根湯
|かっこんとう
|1
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|Kakkon-tō-ka-senkyū-shin'i
|葛根湯加川きゅう辛夷
|かっこんとうかせんきゅうしんい
|2
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|Kami-kihi-tō
|加味帰脾湯
|かみきひとう
|137
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|Kami-shōyō-san
|加味逍遙散
|かみしょうようさん
|24
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|加味逍遙丸
|-
|Kan-baku-daisō-tō
|甘麦大棗湯
|かんばくだいそうとう
|72
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|甘麥大棗丸
|-
|Keigai-rengyō-tō
|荊芥連翹湯
|けいがいれんぎょうとう
|50
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|Keihi-tō
|啓脾湯
|けいひとう
|128
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|Keishi-tō
|桂枝湯
|けいしとう
|45
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|桂枝湯丸
|-
|Keishi-bukuryō-gan
|桂枝茯苓丸
|けいしぶくりょうがん
|25
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|桂枝茯苓丸
|-
|Keishi-bukuryō-gan-ka-yokui'nin
|桂枝茯苓丸加よく苡仁
|けいしぶくりょうがんかよくいにん
|125
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|桂枝茯苓丸
|-
|Keishi-ka-jutsubu-tō
|桂枝加朮附湯
|けいしかじゅつぶとう
|18
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|Keishi-ka-ryūkotsu-borei-tō
|桂枝加竜骨牡蛎湯
|けいしかりゅうこつぼれいとう
|26
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|Keishi-ka-shakuyaku-tō
|桂枝加芍薬湯
|けいしかしゃくやくとう
|60
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|Keishi-ka-shakuyaku-daiō-tō
|桂枝加芍薬大黄湯
|けいしかしゃくやくだいおうとう
|134
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|Keishi-ninjin-tō
|桂枝人参湯
|けいしにんじんとう
|82
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|Kihi-tō
|帰脾湯
|きひとう
|65
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|归脾丸
|-
|Kikyō-tō
|桔梗湯
|ききょうとう
|138
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|桔梗丸
|-
|Kōso-san
|香蘇散
|こうそさん
|70
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|Kyūki-kyōgai-tō
|きゅう帰膠艾湯
|きゅうききょうがいとう
|77
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|Ma-kyō-kan-seki-tō
|麻杏甘石湯
|まきょうかんせきとう
|55
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|Ma-kyō-yoku-kan-tō
|麻杏よく甘湯
|まきょうよくかんとう
|78
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|Maō-tō
|麻黄湯
|まおうとう
|27
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|麻黃湯丸
|-
|Maō-bushi-saishin-tō
|麻黄附子細辛湯
|まおうぶしさいしんとう
|127
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|Mashinin-gan
|麻子仁丸
|ましにんがん
|126
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|麻子仁丸
|-
|Moku-boi-tō
|木防已湯
|もくぼういとう
|36
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|Nichin-tō
|二陳湯
|にちんとう
|81
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|二陳丸
|-
|Nijutsu-tō
|二朮湯
|にじゅつとう
|88
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|Ninjin-tō
|人参湯
|にんじんとう
|32
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|人參敗毒丸
|-
|Ninjin-yōei-tō
|人参養栄湯
|にんじんようえいとう
|108
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|Nyoshin-san
|女神散
|にょしんさん
|67
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|?gi-kenchū-tō
|黄耆建中湯
|おうぎけんちゅうとう
|98
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|?ren-tō
|黄連湯
|おうれんとう
|120
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|黃連素丸
|-
|?ren-gedoku-tō
|黄連解毒湯
|おうれんげどくとう
|15
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|黃連解毒丸
|-
|Otsuji-tō
|乙字湯
|おつじとう
|3
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|Rikkō-san
|立効散
|りっこうさん
|110
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|Rikkunshi-tō
|六君子湯
|りっくんしとう
|43
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|六君子丸
|-
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|六味丸
|ろくみがん
|87
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|六味地黄丸
|-
|Ryō-kan-kyo-mi-shin-ge-nin-tō
|苓甘姜味辛夏仁湯
|りょうかんきょみしんげにんとう
|119
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|Ryō-kei-jutsu-kan-tō
|苓桂朮甘湯
|りょうけいじゅつかんとう
|39
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|Ryō-kyo-jutsu-kan-tō
|苓姜朮甘湯
|りょうきょじゅつかんとう
|118
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|Ryūtan-shakan-tō
|竜胆瀉肝湯
|りゅうたんしゃかんとう
|76
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|龍膽瀉肝丸
|-
|Saiboku-tō
|柴朴湯
|さいぼくとう
|96
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|Saikan-tō
|柴陥湯
|さいかんとう
|73
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|Saiko-ka-ryūkotsu-borei-tō
|柴胡加竜骨牡蛎湯
|さいこかりゅうこつぼれいとう
|12
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|Saiko-keishi-tō
|柴胡桂枝湯
|さいこけいしとう
|10
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|Saiko-keishi-kankyō-tō
|柴胡桂枝乾姜湯
|さいこけいしかんきょうとう
|11
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|Saiko-seikan-tō
|柴胡清肝湯
|さいこせいかんとう
|80
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|柴胡舒肝丸
|-
|Sairei-tō
|柴苓湯
|さいれいとう
|114
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|Sanmotsu-ōgon-tō
|三物黄ごん湯
|さんもつおうごんとう
|121
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|San'ō-shashin-tō
|三黄瀉心湯
|さんおうしゃしんとう
|113
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|Sansonin-tō
|酸棗仁湯
|さんそにんとう
|103
|
|酸棗仁湯片
|-
|Seihai-tō
|清肺湯
|せいはいとう
|90
|
|清肺抑火片
|-
|Seijō-bōfū-tō
|清上防風湯
|せいじょうぼうふうとう
|58
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|
|-
|Seishin-renshi-in
|清心蓮子飲
|せいしんれんしいん
|111
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|Seisho-ekki-tō
|清暑益気湯
|せいしょえっきとう
|136
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|Senkyū-chachō-san
|川きゅう茶�br />
Herbs Used in Kampo Medicines
The 14th edition of the Japanese Pharmacopoeia lists 165 herbal ingredients that are used in kampo medicines. Tsumura is the leading maker of kampo medicine . They make 128 of the 148 kampo medicines. The most common herb in kampo medicine is . It is in 94 of the 128 Tsumura formulas. Other common herbs are and .
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